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1.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e265125, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1529229

ABSTRACT

O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi levantar o perfil sociodemográfico e formativo de psicólogos escolares, e discutir seu impacto nas práticas junto ao coletivo escolar e no trabalho em equipe. No município onde ocorreu a pesquisa, o psicólogo escolar é membro da equipe de especialistas em Educação. Participaram da pesquisa 62 psicólogos que atuam no Ensino Fundamental I, II, e na Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Os participantes responderam um questionário on-line com perguntas abertas e fechadas sobre dados sociodemográficos, de formação e atuação profissional. Realizou-se uma análise qualitativa a partir dos objetivos e itens do instrumento, quais sejam: caracterização do perfil sociodemográfico dos psicólogos escolares, formação acadêmica, atuação em psicologia escolar, atuação em outros campos/áreas da psicologia, e atuação em equipe de especialistas. A média de idade dos profissionais é de 47,46 anos, e apenas um é do sexo masculino. Possuem tempo de atuação de um a 36 anos, e a maioria não possui estágio supervisionado e pós-graduações no campo da psicologia escolar. Parte das equipes que trabalham nas escolas está incompleta, e há uma variabilidade nos dias e horários de reuniões. Reafirma-se que a formação de psicólogos escolares tem repercussões na atuação junto à equipe multidisciplinar, e a importância de intervenções pautadas na perspectiva crítica e psicossocial em Psicologia Escolar. Ademais, conhecer o perfil sociodemográfico e formativo destes profissionais possibilita obter um quadro atualizado sobre o grupo pesquisado e criar estratégias de intervenção que potencializem a atuação desses profissionais junto à equipe de especialistas e demais setores da escola.(AU)


The aim of this research is to identify the sociodemographic and training profile of school psychologists, and discuss their impact on practices within the school collective and the teamwork. In the city where the research took place, the school psychologist is a member of the council's expert team in Education. The research participants included 62 psychologists that work in elementary and intermediate school, and EJA. They answered an open and multiple choice online survey on sociodemographic, formation, and working data. A qualitative analysis was conducted considering its objectives and items, namely: sociodemographic profile, academic education, professional background on school psychology, other psychology fields/ areas, and participation on expert teams. The professionals are 47 and 46 years old, average, only one of them being male. They work in this position from one up to 36 years, and most of them do not have training experience and postgraduate studies in school psychology. Part of the teams working at schools are incomplete, and there is a variability concerning days and hours to team meetings. It is notable that the training profile of psychologists has repercussions in the performance with the multidisciplinary team, and in the importance of interventions based on critical and psychosocial perspectives in School Psychology. Moreover, knowing the sociodemographic and training profile of these professionals allowed us to have an updated chart about the researched group, as well as to create intervention strategies that enhance these professionals' performance within the expert team and other sectors of the school.(AU)


Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo levantar el perfil sociodemográfico y formativo de psicólogos escolares para discutir su impacto en las prácticas junto al colectivo escolar y al trabajo en equipo. En el municipio donde ocurrió la investigación, este profesional es miembro del equipo municipal de especialistas en Educación. Participaron 62 psicólogos que actúan en la educación primaria, secundaria y en la educación para jóvenes y adultos (EJA), y que respondieron a un cuestionario en línea con preguntas abiertas y de opción múltiple sobre datos sociodemográficos, de formación y de actuación profesional. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo según sus objetivos e ítems, o sea: perfil sociodemográfico, formación académica, actuación en Psicología Escolar, en otros campos/áreas de la Psicología o en equipo de especialistas. La edad mediana de los profesionales es de 46-47 años, y solo uno es del sexo masculino. El tiempo de actuación en el área varía entre 1 y 36 años, y la mayoría de los encuestados no tiene formación inicial y posgrado en el campo de la Psicología Escolar. Parte de los equipos que trabajan en las escuelas está incompleta, y existe una variabilidad en los días y horarios de reuniones. Se observó que la formación de los psicólogos escolares tiene repercusiones en la actuación con el equipo multidisciplinario y en la importancia de intervenciones basadas en la perspectiva crítica y psicosocial en Psicología Escolar. Además, conocer su perfil sociodemográfico y formativo posibilita obtener un cuadro actualizado sobre el grupo investigado, además de crear estrategias de intervención que potencialicen la actuación junto al equipo de especialistas y a los demás sectores de la escuela.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Patient Care Team , Professional Practice Location , Psychology , Teaching , Educational Status , Organizational Innovation , Play and Playthings , Play Therapy , Problem Solving , Professional Practice , Psychological Phenomena , Psychology, Clinical , Remedial Teaching , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Self Concept , Social Adjustment , Social Identification , Stress, Psychological , Student Dropouts , Toilet Training , Underachievement , Vocational Guidance , Work , Behavior , Technical Cooperation , Mainstreaming, Education , Adaptation, Psychological , Organizational Culture , Family , Child Guidance , Child Rearing , Mental Health , Child Health , Intersectoral Collaboration , Negotiating , Cognition , Communication , Competency-Based Education , Problem-Based Learning , Comprehensive Health Care , Cultural Diversity , Cooperative Behavior , Self Efficacy , Counseling , Psychosocial Impact , Moral Development , Qualitative Research , Dyslexia , Education , Education, Special , Educational Measurement , Efficiency , Emotions , Empathy , Ethics, Institutional , Planning , Low-Cost Housing , Resilience, Psychological , Emotional Intelligence , Bullying , Interdisciplinary Studies , Dyscalculia , Social Skills , Psychology, Developmental , Problem Behavior , Self-Control , Cognitive Neuroscience , School Teachers , Academic Performance , Academic Success , Cyberbullying , Leadership and Governance Capacity , Psychosocial Functioning , Psychosocial Intervention , Sociodemographic Factors , Diversity, Equity, Inclusion , Collective Efficacy , Human Development , Intelligence , Interpersonal Relations , Leadership , Learning , Learning Disabilities , Motivation
2.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 15(4): 524-532, Oct.-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350691

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT It is still debated if the main deficit in mathematical difficulties (MD) is nonsymbolic or symbolic numerical magnitude processing. Objectives: In the present study, our main goal was to investigate nonsymbolic and symbolic numerical magnitude processing in MD and the relationship between these abilities and arithmetic. Methods: The Brazilian school-age children with MD completed a nonsymbolic and a symbolic numerical magnitude comparison task and an arithmetic task. We compared their performance with a group of children with typical achievement (TA) and investigated the association between numerical magnitude processing and arithmetic with a series of regression analyses. Results: Results indicated that children with MD had low performance in the nonsymbolic numerical magnitude comparison task. Performance in both nonsymbolic and symbolic numerical magnitude comparison tasks predicted arithmetic abilities in children with TA, but not in children with MD. Conclusions: These results indicate that children with MD have difficulties in nonsymbolic numerical magnitude processing, and do not engage basic numerical magnitude representations to solve arithmetic.


RESUMO Ainda é debatido se o principal déficit nas dificuldades matemáticas (DM) se dá no processamento de magnitudes numéricas não simbólicas ou simbólicas. Objetivos: No presente estudo, nosso principal objetivo foi investigar o processamento não simbólico e simbólico de magnitudes numéricas na DM e a relação entre essas habilidades e a aritmética. Métodos: Crianças brasileiras em idade escolar com DM completaram tarefas de comparação de magnitudes numéricas não simbólicas e simbólicas e uma tarefa aritmética. Comparamos seu desempenho com o de um grupo de crianças com desempenho típico (TA) e investigamos a associação entre o processamento de magnitude numérica e a aritmética em uma série de análises de regressão. Resultados: Os resultados indicaram baixo desempenho na tarefa de comparação de magnitudes numéricas não simbólicas nas crianças com DM. Além disso, o desempenho nas tarefas de comparação de magnitudes numéricas não simbólicas e simbólicas foi preditor de habilidades aritméticas de crianças com TA, mas não de crianças com DM. Conclusões: Esses resultados indicam que crianças com DM têm dificuldades no processamento de magnitudes numéricas não simbólicas e não empregam representações básicas de magnitudes numéricas para resolver problemas aritméticos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Dyscalculia , Neuropsychology
3.
Rev. Pesqui. Fisioter ; 11(3): 457-464, ago.2021. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1348808

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A discalculia do desenvolvimento (DD) lida com o desempenho matemático prejudicado e afeta as atividades educacionais e do dia a dia das crianças. Há evidências de que a estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC) aplicada ao córtex parietal posterior facilita a estrutura neuronal hipoativa e melhora o desempenho matemático em indivíduos com DD. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é investigar se tDCS adjuvante com treinamento convencional de numeramento (CNT) aumentaria as habilidades matemáticas de crianças em idade escolar afetadas com DD. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Treze crianças em idade escolar afetadas com DD receberam tDCS e CNT três sessões por semana por até 2 semanas. Foi dada estimulação anódica esquerda e catódica direita na região P3 / P4, com intensidade de 2mA, combinada com CNT por 30 minutos em um dia. O inventário de diagnóstico de deficiência de aprendizagem (LDDI) foi usado como uma medida de resultado e coletado no início e no final da intervenção de 2 semanas. RESULTADOS: Houve melhora significativa no desempenho matemático de crianças em idade escolar. Os resultados mostram uma melhora estatística e clinicamente significativa após 2 semanas de intervenção. CONCLUSÕES: tDCS combinado com CNT é eficaz para melhorar as habilidades matemáticas de crianças em idade escolar afetadas com DD. Os resultados deste estudo fornecem uma nova perspectiva para a reabilitação de crianças com DD em idade escolar.


INTRODUCTION: Developmental dyscalculia (DD) deals with impaired mathematical performance and affects children's educational and day-to-day activities. There is evidence that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied to the posterior parietal cortex facilitates the hypoactive neuronal structure and improves mathematical performance in individuals with DD. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to investigate whether tDCS adjuvant with conventional numeracy training (CNT) would enhance the mathematical abilities of school-going children affected with DD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen school-going children affected with DD received tDCS and CNT three sessions per week for up to 2 consecutive weeks. Left anodal and right cathodal stimulation at P3/P4 region with 2mA intensity combined with CNT for 30 minutes in a day was given. Learning disability diagnostic inventory (LDDI) was used as an outcome measure and collected at baseline and the end of the 2-week intervention. RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in the mathematical performance of school-going children. The results show statistically as well as a clinically significant improvement after the two weeks of intervention. CONCLUSIONS: tDCS combined with CNT effectively improves the mathematical abilities of school-going children affected with DD. The findings of this study provide a new perspective for the rehabilitation of school-going DD children.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Adolescent , Dyscalculia/rehabilitation , Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation , Treatment Outcome
4.
Suma psicol ; 28(1): 1-9, Jan.-June 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1280689

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Current cognitive theories suggest that mathematical learning disabilities may be caused by a dysfunction in the ability to represent non-symbolic numerosity (non-symbolic skills), by impairments in the ability to associate symbolic numerical representations with the underlying analogic non-numerical magnitude representation (symbolic and numerical mapping skills), or by a combination of both deficits. The aim of this study was to contrast the number sense hypothesis and the access deficit hypothesis, to identify the possible origin of the varying degrees of arithmetical difficulties. Method: We compared the performance of children with very low arithmetic achievement (VLA), children with low arithmetical achievement (LA), and typically achieving peers (TA), in non-symbolic, symbolic and numerical mapping tasks. Intellectual capacity and working memory were also evaluated as control variables. The sample comprised 85 Chilean children (3rd to 6th grades) from the Public General Education System. Data were included in several covariance analyses to identify potentially different behavioural profiles between groups. Results: The results showed deficits in both non-symbolic numerosity processing and number-magnitude mapping skills in children with VLA, whereas children with LA exhibited deficits in numerical mapping tasks only. Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis of impaired non-symbolic numerical representations as the cognitive foundation of severe arithmetical difficulties. Low arithmetical achievement, in contrast, seems to be better explained by defective numerical mapping skills, which fits the access deficit hypothesis. The results presented here provide new evidence regarding the cognitive mechanisms underlying the different behavioural profiles identified in children with varying degrees of arithmetical difficulties.


Resumen Introducción: Teorías cognitivas actuales sugieren que las dificultades en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas pueden ser causadas por una disfunción en la habilidad de representar las numerosidades no-simbólicas (habilidades no-simbólicas), por dificultades en la habilidad de asociar los números con representaciones analógicas, no-simbólicas, subyacentes a la magnitud (habilidades simbólicas y de mapeo) o por una combinación de ambos déficits. El objetivo de este estudio fue contrastar la hipótesis de un déficit en el sentido del número y la hipótesis del déficit en el acceso, para identificar el posible origen de los diferentes grados de dificultades en aritmética. Método: Se comparó el desempeño de niños con muy bajo rendimiento en aritmética (VLA), niños con bajo rendimiento en aritmética (LA) y pares con rendimiento típico (TA), en tareas numéricas no-simbólicas, simbólicas y de mapeo. También se evaluaron la capacidad intelectual y la memoria de trabajo como variables de control. La muestra estuvo conformada por 85 niños chilenos (de 3ero a 6to grado) del Sistema de General de Educación Pública. Los datos fueron incluidos en varios análisis de covarianza para identificar posibles perfiles conductuales diferentes entre grupos. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que los niños con VLA tienen déficits tanto en el procesamiento no-simbólico de la numerosidad como en las habilidades de mapeo entre los símbolos numéricos y la magnitud analógica que estos representan. Los niños con LA solo mostraron déficits en las habilidades de mapeo. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos sustentan la hipótesis de que un daño en las representaciones numéricas no-simbólicas subyace a las dificultades severas en aritmética. Por el contrario, el bajo rendimiento en aritmética parece explicarse por deficientes habilidades de mapeo, lo cual se ajusta mejor a la hipótesis del déficit en el acceso. Los anteriores resultados, ofrecen nuevas evidencias respecto a los mecanismos cognitivos que subyacen a los perfiles conductuales identificados en los niños con diferentes grados de dificultades en aritmética.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Learning Disabilities , Child , Dyscalculia
5.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 15(2): 267-274, Apr.-June 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286189

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT. Brazilian students' mathematical achievement was repeatedly observed to fall below average levels of mathematical attainment in international studies such as PISA. Objective: In this article, we argue that this general low level of mathematical attainment may interfere with the diagnosis of developmental dyscalculia when a psychometric criterion is used establishing an arbitrary cut-off (e.g., performance<percentile 10) may result in misleading diagnoses. Methods: Therefore, the present study evaluated the performance of 706 Brazilian school children from 3rd to 5th grades on basic arithmetic operations addition, subtraction, and multiplication. Results: In line with PISA results, children presented difficulties in all arithmetic operations investigated. Even after five years of formal schooling, less than half of 5th graders performed perfectly on simple addition, subtraction, or multiplication problems. Conclusions: As such, these data substantiate the argument that the sole use of a psychometric criterion might not be sensible to diagnose dyscalculia in the context of a generally low performing population, such as Brazilian children of our sample. When the majority of children perform poorly on the task at hand, it is hard to distinguish atypical from typical numerical development. As such, other diagnostic approaches, such as Response to Intervention, might be more suitable in such a context.


RESUMO. O desempenho em matemática dos estudantes brasileiros mostra-se consistentemente abaixo da média mundial em estudos internacionais como o PISA. Objetivo: No presente artigo, argumenta-se que um baixo desempenho geral na matemática, a exemplo dos estudantes brasileiros, pode interferir no diagnóstico de discalculia do desenvolvimento quando um critério puramente psicométrico é usado para estabelecer um ponto de corte arbitrário (por exemplo, desempenho<percentil 10), o que pode resultar em falsos diagnósticos. Métodos: Para tanto, investigou-se o desempenho de 706 estudantes brasileiros do 3º ao 5º ano escolar em operações aritméticas básicas de adição, subtração e multiplicação. Resultados: De forma consistente com os resultados do PISA, as crianças apresentaram dificuldades em todas as operações aritméticas investigadas. Mesmo após cinco anos de escolarização formal, menos da metade dos estudantes do 5º ano foi capaz de completar a tarefa envolvendo cálculos simples de adição, subtração ou multiplicação. Conclusões: Dessa forma, os resultados reforçam o argumento de que o uso exclusivo de um critério psicométrico pode não ser apropriado para o diagnóstico de discalculia no contexto de uma população com desempenho geral baixo, como no caso crianças brasileiras da presente amostra. Quando a maioria das crianças tem um desempenho aquém do esperado, torna-se difícil distinguir o desenvolvimento numérico atípico do típico. Portanto, outras abordagens diagnósticas, como Resposta à Intervenção, podem ser mais adequadas em tal contexto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diagnosis , Dyscalculia , Learning Disabilities , Mathematics
6.
Psico USF ; 24(4): 645-659, out.-dez. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1056983

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to compare the neuropsychological and educational profiles of Brazilian children with dyscalculia (n = 8), dyslexia (n = 13) and without learning disabilities (n = 12). The neuropsychological profile was composed of: (a) intelligence - assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III); (b) attention - WISC-III Coding and Symbol Search subtests; (c) executive functions - Digit Span (backward order) and WISC-III Arithmetic subtests, Pseudoword Repetition Test for Brazilian Children, Stroop Test and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; (d) memory - WISC-III Digit Span subtest (forward order) and Rey Complex Figures. The educational profile was composed of reading, writing and mathematics, assessed by the Academic Performance Test and the Arithmetic Test. It was found that the groups with dyscalculia and dyslexia did not differentiate in any of the neuropsychological abilities, only in the reading and writing abilities. Neuropsychological variables that could explain these results were discussed. (AU)


Objetivou-se comparar os perfis neuropsicológico e escolar de crianças brasileiras com discalculia (n = 8), dislexia (n = 13) e sem dificuldades escolares (n = 12). O perfil neuropsicológico foi composto por: (a) inteligência: avaliada pela Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Crianças (WISC-III); (b) atenção: subtestes Códigos e Procurar Símbolos da WISC-III; (c) funções executivas: subtestes Dígitos (ordem inversa) e Aritmética da WISC-III, Teste de Repetição de Pseudopalavras para Crianças Brasileiras, Teste de Stroop e Teste Wisconsin de Classificação de Cartas; (d) memória: subteste Dígitos (ordem direta) da WISC-III e Figuras Complexas de Rey. O perfil escolar foi composto por leitura, escrita e matemática, avaliado pelo Teste de Desempenho Escolar e pela Prova de Aritmética. Verificou-se que os grupos com discalculia e com dislexia não se diferenciaram em nenhuma das habilidades neuropsicológicas, somente nas habilidades escolares de leitura e escrita. Variáveis neuropsicológicas que pudessem explicar esses desempenhos intergrupos foram discutidas. (AU)


El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar los perfiles neuropsicológicos y escolares de niños brasileños con Discalculia (n = 8), Dislexia (n = 13) y niños sin dificultades escolares (n = 12). El perfil neuropsicológico fue compuesto por: (a) inteligencia: evaluada por Escala de Inteligencia Wechsler para Niños (WISC-III); (b) atención: subtests Códigos y Búsqueda de Símbolos de la WISC-III; (c) funciones ejecutivas: subtests Dígitos (orden inverso) y Aritmética de la WISC-III, Test de Repetición de Pseudopalabras para Niños Brasileños, Test de Stroop y Test Wisconsin de Clasificación de Cartas; (d) memoria: subtest Dígitos (orden directo) de la WISC-III y Figuras Complejas de Rey. El perfil escolar fue compuesto por lectura, escritura y matemática, evaluado por el Test de Desempeño Escolar y por la Prueba de Aritmética. Se verificó que los grupos con Discalculia y con Dislexia no se diferenciaron en ninguna de las habilidades neuropsicológicas, sólo en las habilidades escolares de lectura y escritura. Fueron discutidas variables neuropsicológicas que pueden explicar esos desempeños intergrupales. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Wechsler Scales , Dyslexia/psychology , Stroop Test , Dyscalculia/psychology , Wisconsin Card Sorting Test , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Medical History Taking
7.
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience ; : 125-129, 2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-739464

ABSTRACT

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a novel brain stimulation technique which has kindled hope in alleviating motor, language as well as cognitive deficits in neuronal injury. Current case report describes application of tDCS in two phases using two different protocols in a patient with hypoxic injury. In the first phase anodal stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex improved the language fluency. Subsequently, after 6 months second phase application of anodal stimulation over posterior parietal region targeted arithmetic and working memory deficits. Individualising the treatment protocols of brain stimulation, based on the lesion and the functional deficits, for neuro-rehabilitation is emphasised.


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain , Clinical Protocols , Cognition Disorders , Dyscalculia , Hope , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain , Memory, Short-Term , Neurons , Parietal Lobe , Prefrontal Cortex , Rehabilitation , Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
9.
Univ. psychol ; 17(3): 161-172, jul.-set. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-979526

ABSTRACT

Resumen Los Trastornos Específicos del Aprendizaje constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de alteraciones frecuentes que pueden generar problemas importantes no solo durante la etapa escolar, sino a lo largo de toda la vida. Las dificultades persistentes en lectura (dislexia) y en matemáticas (discalculia) son, por su relevancia y prevalencia, los dos Trastornos de Aprendizaje más importantes en la práctica educativa y clínica. El objetivo del estudio es realizar una síntesis de los descubrimientos científicos de los últimos diez años sobre las bases neuroanatómicas y genéticas de la dislexia y la discalculia. Se realizó un análisis exhaustivo bibliográfico desde 2006 hasta enero de 2017 en inglés y español centrados en neuroimagen y genética de dislexia y discalculia mediante las bases de datos Medline, PsyInfo, Scopus, Web of Science y Dialnet. Se incluyeron 38 artículos de los cuales se extrajeronn las aportaciones desde la neuroimagen y la genética tanto para la dislexia como de discalculia. Estos datos facilitaron herramientas para orientar al contexto psicológico y educativo, a su vez proporcionando respuestas definitivas.


Abstract The Specific Learning Disorders represent a heterogeneous group of common conditions that can generate important problems not only during schooling but also throughout life. The persistent difficulties in reading (dyslexia) and maths (dyscalculia) are, due to their significance and prevalence, the two most important learning disorders in both educational and clinical practice. The objective of this study is to make a synthesis of the scientific findings of the past ten years about neuroanatomical and genetic basis of dyslexia and dyscalculia. To this aim a comprehensive bibliographic analysis is conducted from 2006 until January, 2017 in English and Spanish from databases Medline, PsyInfo, Scopus, Web of Science y Dialnet. There were included 43 articles with contributions so much about dyslexia as dyscalculia from the neuroimagen and the genetics. This information will provide tools to guide psychological and educational environments and to provide definitive answers.


Subject(s)
Dyslexia/diagnostic imaging , Dyscalculia/diagnostic imaging , Neuroimaging/methods , Learning Disabilities/genetics
10.
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association ; : 332-338, 2018.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-718308

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the prevalence of reading and mathematical learning disabilities of students at primary schools in Jeju Island, South Korea. We examined major causes of learning disabilities including reading disorder, mathematical disorder, attention deficit, and other causes including socioemotional factors. METHODS: We conducted screening processes to 659 participants (340 male, 51%) in 4 elementary schools in Jeju Island. To identify the causes of learning problems, 84 children were administered tests such as the Korean-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fourth edition, the Comprehensive Learning Test-Reading/Math, and the Comprehensive Attention Test. RESULTS: This study found that 13% of elementary school students in the Jeju region had learning disabilities. Among learning disabilities, specific reading and mathematical disorders accounted for 9% of study subjects. In addition, 2% of participants had intellectual impairment and 1% had other causes such as socioemotional factors. 65% of children with learning disabilities and 74% of children with reading or mathematic disorders had concurrent attention deficit disorder. 68% of children with reading disorders also had comorbid mathematical disorder. CONCLUSION: The prevalence, causes, and comorbidity of reading and mathematical learning disabilities of students in Jeju Island, South Korea did not differ from those in foreign countries. Because most learning disabilities are complex, comprehensive evaluations and tailored interventions are necessary to help children with learning disabilities.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Comorbidity , Dyscalculia , Dyslexia , Epidemiology , Intelligence , Korea , Learning Disabilities , Learning , Mass Screening , Mathematics , Prevalence
11.
Estud. psicol. (Natal) ; 22(3): 257-263, Sept. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-891938

ABSTRACT

Nonverbal learning disabilities (NVLD), a clinical condition still little reported in Brazil, are characterized by damages in the visual spatial domains, visual motor integration, fine motor skills, math skills and social and emotional difficulties. Developmental Dyscalculia (DD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects basic arithmetic skills acquisition, including storage and recovery of arithmetic facts, calculation fluency and precision and number sense domain. Although both are persistent Math learning disorder/disability, they cause different damages. The objective of this case report is to describe, compare and analyze the neuropsychological profile of two Brazilian children with similar complaints but distinct diagnosis.


Transtornos de aprendizagem não verbal (TANV), ainda pouco divulgado no Brasil, caracterizam-se por prejuízos nos domínios visuoespacial, integração visuomotora, motricidade fina, habilidades matemáticas e dificuldade social e emocional. Discalculia do Desenvolvimento (DD) é um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento, com prejuízo na aquisição de habilidades aritméticas básicas, incluindo armazenagem e recuperação de fatos aritméticos, fluência e precisão de cálculo, e domínio do senso numérico. Apesar de ambos serem um transtorno persistente de aprendizagem matemática, envolvem prejuízos diferentes. Este relato de caso tem o objetivo de descrever, comparar e analisar o perfil neuropsicológico de duas crianças brasileiras, com queixa similar, e diagnóstico distinto.


Trastornos de aprendizaje no verbal (TANV), aún poco divulgado en Brasil, se caracteriza por perjuicios en los dominios visuoespacial, integración visomotora, motricidad fina, habilidades matemáticas y dificultades social y emocional. Discalculia del Desarrollo (DD) es un trastorno del desarrollo neural, con perjuicio en la adquisición de habilidades aritméticas básicas, incluyendo almacenaje y recuperación de hechos aritméticos, fluidez y precisión de cálculo y dominio del sentido numérico. Pese a que ambos sean trastornos persistentes de aprendizaje de matemáticas, son perjuicios diferentes. Este relato de experiencia tiene el objetivo de describir, comparar y analizar el perfil neuropsicológico de dos niños brasileños, con queja similar, y diagnóstico distinto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Brazil , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Dyscalculia/psychology , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Students/psychology , Qualitative Research , Neuropsychological Tests
12.
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ; : 174-182, 2017.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-61172

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted in order to develop a computerized test to measure the level of mathematic achievement and related cognitive functions in children and adolescents in South Korea. METHODS: The computerized Comprehensive Learning Test-Mathematic (CLT-M) consists of the whole number computation test, enumeration of dot group test, number line estimation test, numeral comparing test (magnitude/distance), rapid automatized naming test, digit span test, and working memory test. To obtain the necessary data and to investigate the reliability and validity of this test, 399 children and adolescents from kindergarten to middle school were recruited. RESULTS: The internal consistency reliability of the CLT-M was high (Cronbach's alpha=0.76). Four factors explained 66.4% of the cumulative variances. In addition, the data for all of the CLT-M subtests were obtained. CONCLUSION: The computerized CLT-M can be used as a reliable and valid tool to evaluate the level of mathematical achievement and associated cognitive functions in Korean children and adolescents. This test can also be helpful to detect mathematical learning disabilities, including specific learning disorder with impairment in mathematics, in Korea.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Humans , Cognition , Dyscalculia , Korea , Learning , Learning Disabilities , Mathematics , Memory, Short-Term , Reproducibility of Results , Specific Learning Disorder
13.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 74(3): 201-206, Mar. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-777127

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The goal of the study was to assess public school children at the end of the first stage of elementary school. We used a protocol applied concurrently with a writing test in the form of an unexpected activity in 28 public schools; 2,893 children assessed, 687 exhibited performance below 58 points, 184 were excluded due to change of address or lack of consent; 503 children subjected to a test of intellectual capacity and reading assessment and 71 considered intellectually disabled were excluded. 226 (7.8%) children, who could read, write, and had normal intellectual level, met the criteria of developmental dyscalculia (DD), 98 female and 128 male. The most influential factors in the prevalence were socioeconomic levels of the schools neighborhood, education level of parents, and being male, as demonstrated by the odds ratio and multiple logistic regression analysis. Further studies should be done so that educational policies are taken.


RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar crianças da rede pública no final da 1a etapa do ciclo fundamental; com um protocolo aplicado em forma de atividade surpresa em 28 escolas públicas, concomitantemente a uma prova de escrita: Das 2893 crianças avaliadas, 687 tiveram rendimento abaixo de 58 pontos, 184 foram excluídas por mudança de domicilio ou por falta de consentimento; 503 submetidas a um teste de avaliação intelectual e de leitura, 71 consideradas intelectualmente deficientes foram excluídas do estudo. 226 (7,8%) sabiam ler e escrever e intelectualmente normais, preenchendo os critérios para o diagnóstico de discalculia do desenvolvimento (DD), 98 do sexo feminino e 128 masculinos. Fatores que mais influenciaram na prevalência da DD foram os níveis socioeconômicos do bairro da escola, nível de escolaridade dos pais e sexo masculino, demonstrados pela Odds Ratio e Analise de regressão logística múltipla. Mais estudos devem ser realizados para que políticas educacionais sejam tomadas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Dyscalculia/epidemiology , Schools , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Dyscalculia/diagnosis , Intelligence Tests , Neuropsychological Tests
14.
Temas psicol. (Online) ; 23(1): 123-135, mar. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-775814

ABSTRACT

A Cognição Numérica é influenciada por fatores biológicos, cognitivos, educacionais e culturais. Constitui- se tanto de um sistema primário, chamado de Senso Numérico que seria inato e de abrangência universal, quanto de sistemas secundários, como o Cálculo que está implicado a realização de operações matemáticas por meio de símbolos ou palavras e o Processamento Numérico, que se divide em dois componentes, a Compreensão Numérica, que está relacionada ao entendimento de símbolos numéricos e a Produção Numérica: que inclui a leitura, escrita e contagem de números. Entretanto, os estudos que evidenciam o desenvolvimento destas funções em crianças de idade pré-escolar são escassos. Diante disso os objetivos do presente estudo foram investigar a cognição numérica em crianças brasileiras pré-escolares e demonstrar a validade de construto da ZAREKI-K (Bateria Neuropsicológica para Avaliação do Tratamento dos Números e do Cálculo para Crianças pré-escolares). Participaram da pesquisa 42 crianças, entre 5 e 6 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, estudantes de escolas públicas de educação pré-escolar, que foram avaliadas pelos subtestes da ZAREKI-K e WISC-III. Os Resultados indicaram diferenças significativas associadas à idade em que crianças de 6 anos obtiveram melhores pontuações em subtestes relacionados a Produção numérica, Compreensão numérica e Cálculo, bem como correlações moderadas a fortes entre alguns subtestes de ambos os instrumentos, demonstrando a validade de constructo da bateria. Em conclusão, foram obtidos dados normativos preliminares para a ZAREKI-K, ademais as análises sugerem tratar-se de um instrumento promissor para a avaliação da cognição numérica em crianças pré-escolares.


The Numerical Cognition is influenced by biological, cognitive, educational and cultural factors. It consists of a primary system, called Number Sense that would be innate and universal, also of secondary systems: the Calculation, implied to perform mathematical operations by means of symbols or words and Number Processing, which is divided into two components, Number Comprehension, related with the understanding of numerical symbols and Number Production, which includes reading, writing and counting numbers. However, studies that show the development of these functions in children of preschool age are scarce. Therefore, aims of this study were to investigate numerical cognition in preschool Brazilian children to demonstrate the construct validity of the ZAREKI-K (A Neuropsychological Battery for the Assessment of Treatment of Numbers and Calculation for preschool children). The participants were 42 children of both genders, who attended public elementary schools; the children were evaluated by this battery and WISC-III. The results indicated significant differences associated with age which children of 6 years had better scores on subtests related to Number Production, Calculation and Number Comprehension, as well moderate and high correlations between some subtests of both instruments, demonstrating the construct validity of the battery. In conclusion, preliminary normative data were obtained for ZAREKI-K. The analyses suggested that it is a promising tool for the assessment of numerical cognition in preschool children.


La cognición numérica es influenciada por factores biológicos, educativos, cognitivos y culturales. Posee un sistema primario innato y universal, que es el Sentido Numérico y sistemas secundarios: el Cálculo, para realizar operaciones matemáticas por medio de símbolos o palabras y el Procesamiento Numérico, que se divide en dos componentes, la Comprensión Numérica, que implica la comprensión de los símbolos numéricos, y la Producción Numérica que incluye la lectura, escritura y conteo de números. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que muestran el desarrollo de estos sistemas en los niños de edad preescolar. Los objetivos de este estudio fueran investigar la cognición numérica en niños brasileños en edad preescolar y demostrar la validez de constructo de la ZAREKI-K (Batería Neuropsicológica para la Evaluación del Tratamiento de los Números y el Cálculo para los Niños en edad Preescolar; Weinhold-Zulauf, Schweiter, & von Aster, 2003). Los participantes fueron 42 niños de entre 5 y 6 años de edad, de ambos sexos, que estudiaban en escuelas públicas de educación preescolar, los niños fueron evaluados por la referida batería y la WISC-III. Los resultados indicaron que los niños de seis años presentaron mejores puntuaciones en las pruebas relacionadas con Producción Numérica, Cálculo y la Comprensión Numérica, así como las correlaciones altas y moderadas entre algunos subtest de ambos instrumentos, lo que demuestra la validez construirla batería. En conclusión, se obtuvieron datos preliminares normativos para el ZAREKI-K. Los análisis sugieren que este es un instrumento prometedor para la evaluación de la cognición numérica en niños preescolares.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Child , Cognition , Dyscalculia , Mathematics , Child, Preschool
15.
Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders ; : 176-179, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-197190

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis was discovered less than 10 years ago. Its symptoms and characteristics are not well-defined yet. We experienced a case of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis with phonemic paraphasia and acalculia that were not classical characteristics. CASE REPORT: A 44-year-old woman started to show dyslexia, phonemic paraphasia, and dyscalculia. These symptoms were gradually worsening for over 30 days. Various brain images were not helpful for primary diagnosis. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis was confirmed in two different laboratories. The patient started to recover with various immunosuppressive therapies. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis can have various symptoms, including phonemic paraphasia and acalculia.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis , Brain , Diagnosis , Dyscalculia , Dyslexia , Encephalitis
16.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 72(4): 283-288, abr. 2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-707020

ABSTRACT

Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent chronic disorders of childhood which can threaten child development and mental health. Among cognitive disorders, dyscalculia is one of the most important. In this study, 39 children and adolescents with idiopathic epilepsy underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessment to determine the intellectual level, math skills, reading and writing performance and neuropsychological profile. It was observed that the mathematical ability was below schooling expectations in a higher frequency than expected. There were no significant differences in mathematical performance among groups divided by number of antiepileptic drugs used, duration of disease and types and frequency of seizures. There was a positive correlation with intelligence quotient and attentional and reading level. These results suggest the existence not only of dyscalculia, but the concurrence of attentional and reading problems for the poor mathematical performance in this population.


A epilepsia é uma das doenças crônicas mais comuns da infância que pode ameaçar o desenvolvimento infantil e saúde mental. Dos distúrbios cognitivos, a discalculia é um dos mais importantes. Neste estudo, 39 crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia idiopática, foram submetidos à avaliação clínica e neuropsicológica para determinar o nível intelectual, habilidade em matemática, leitura e escrita e perfil neuropsicológico. Observou-se que a habilidade em matemática ficou abaixo das expectativas de escolarização em uma frequência maior do que a esperada. Não houve diferenças significativas no desempenho matemático em relação ao número de drogas antiepilépticas utilizadas, duração da doença, tipo e frequência das crises. Houve uma correlação positiva com o quociente de inteligência e nível de atenção e leitura. Estes resultados sugerem a existência não só de discalculia, mas também a existência de problemas atencionais e de leitura que fatores causais para a dificuldade matemática apresentada nesta amostra.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Dyscalculia/physiopathology , Epilepsy/physiopathology , Brazil , Cognition Disorders/physiopathology , Dyscalculia/diagnosis , Dyslexia/physiopathology , Intelligence Tests , Mathematics , Neuropsychological Tests , Problem Solving , Reference Values , Statistics, Nonparametric , Surveys and Questionnaires
17.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 18(2): 93-100, abr.-jun. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-684496

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Obter dados locais na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro sobre o conhecimento ou a percepção do profissional de educação sobre os sinais indicativos de discalculia. MÉTODOS: Foi elaborado e aplicado a 63 professores do ensino fundamental das redes de ensino pública e particular, um questionário com 18 perguntas específicas sobre discalculia, sendo duas perguntas abertas e 16 fechadas. As perguntas abordavam a presença do tema na formação, experiência profissional, conhecimento específico e propostas de estratégias pedagógicas para a discalculia. RESULTADOS: Quarenta e cinco vírgula dois por cento dos professores informaram desconhecer o quadro de discalculia. Apenas 12,9% consideraram-se capazes de identificar um caso de suspeita de discalculia. CONCLUSÃO: De acordo com os resultados obtidos, os professores possuem pouco conhecimento específico sobre a discalculia e se mostram inseguros da sua capacidade de identificar um caso suspeito.


PURPOSE: To obtain local data in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro on the knowledge and perception of educators of signs indicative of dyscalculia. METHODS: A questionnaire with 18 questions (two open questions and sixteen closed questions) was presented to primary school teachers of public and private schools. The questions were related to the occurrence of the topic of dyscalculia during their education as a teacher, their professional experience, specific knowledge about dyscalculia, and strategies to be used in the classroom. RESULTS: Forty five point two percent reported not to know what dyscalculia is. Only 12.9% believed they can identify signs of dyscalculia. CONCLUSION: The participants have little specific knowledge about dyscalculia and showed to be insecure with respect to their ability to identify possible cases of dyscalculia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dyscalculia/diagnosis , Faculty , Learning Disabilities , Education, Primary and Secondary , Educational Measurement , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Schools
18.
Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders ; : 114-118, 2013.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-66956

ABSTRACT

Gerstmann's syndrome, assigned to a lesion of the dominant parietal lobe, is a neurological disorder characterized by acalculia, agraphia, right-left disorientation and finger agnosia. Some studies report that these symptoms are also shown in other brain lesions. We report two patients who presented with this tetrad of symptoms in initial assessment. Their Brain MRI images both showed lesion of left frontal lobe. Over time, these symptoms became better but some still remained in last assessment. Accordingly, we suggest that a left frontal lesion cause Gerstmann's syndrome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Agnosia , Agraphia , Brain , Dyscalculia , Frontal Lobe , Gerstmann Syndrome , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Nervous System Diseases , Parietal Lobe
19.
Rev. chil. neuropsicol. (En línea) ; 7(2): 43-47, jul. 2012.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-714169

ABSTRACT

Para resolver problemas aritméticos, los humanos necesitamos tratar con diferentes piezas de información. Por esta razón, parece plausible que necesitemos de algún sistema capaz de procesar, retener y manipular dicha información. La memoria de trabajo es el sistema encargado de llevar a cabo estos procesos, por lo que podría estar implicado en la resolución de operaciones aritméticas. En este sentido, la investigación empírica ha mostrado que los diferentes componentes de la memoria de trabajo (el ejecutivo central, el bucle fonológico, y la agenda visoespacial) juegan diferentes roles en el proceso de resolución de problemas aritméticos. Por otro lado, algunos investigadores sugieren que la discalculia evolutiva, la dificultad para llevar a cabo operaciones matemáticas más frecuente en la población, se caracteriza por un déficit principal en la memoria de trabajo. Sin embargo, estos resultados no han sido siempre replicados. En este artículo se presenta una revisión actualizada de la implicación de la memoria de trabajo en la resolución de operaciones aritméticas. Como se verá, cada componente cumple con una función específica en el proceso de resolución de operaciones aritméticas. Además, la evidencia en contra y apoyando un déficit principal en memoria de trabajo en pacientes con discalculia del desarrollo será revisada.


To solve arithmetic problems, humans need to deal with several pieces of information. The working memory system actively stores and manipulates information. For this reason, it seems plausible that this system is involved in solving arithmetic problems. In fact, it has been shown that the different subcomponents of working memory (central executive, phonological loop and visual sketchpad) play different roles in solving arithmetic problems. On the other hand, some research has shown that the most typical arithmetic disability, that is developmental dyscalculia, is characterized by a main deficit in working memory. However, these results have not been always obtained. In the present article the involvement of working memory in solving arithmetic operations is reviewed. Moreover, the evidence supporting and against a main impairment in working memory in people with developmental dyscalculia will be discussed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dyscalculia/physiopathology , Executive Function , Memory, Short-Term/physiology
20.
Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.) ; 5(1): 37-46, Jan.-June 2012. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-654428

ABSTRACT

Magnitude processing is one of the most central cognitive mechanisms that underlie persistent mathematics difficulties. No consensus has yet been reached about whether these difficulties can be predominantly attributed to deficits in symbolic or nonsymbolic magnitude processing. To investigate this issue, we assessed symbolic and nonsymbolic magnitude representations in children with low or typical achievement in school mathematics. Response latencies and the distance effect were comparable between groups in both symbolic and nonsymbolic tasks. The results indicated that both typical and low achievers were able to access magnitude representation via symbolic and nonsymbolic processing. However, low achievers presented higher error rates than typical achievers, especially in the nonsymbolic task. Furthermore, measures of nonsymbolic magnitude explained individual differences in school mathematics better than measures of symbolic magnitude when considering all of the children together. When examining the groups separately, symbolic magnitude representation explained differences in school mathematics in low achievers but not in typical achievers. These results suggest that symbolic magnitude is more relevant to solving arithmetic problems when mathematics achievement is particularly low. In contrast, individual differences in nonsymbolic processing appear to be related to mathematics achievement in a more general manner.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Cognition , Dyscalculia , Child Development
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